Borderline Kişilik Bozukluğu ve Yalnızlık: Sistematik Bir Derleme
Özet
Bu çalışmada, Borderline Kişilik Bozukluğu (BKB) ile yalnızlık arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alan araştırmaların sistematik bir derlemesi sunulmaktadır. Elektronik veri tabanlarında yapılan retrospektif taramalar sonucunda, belirlenen dahil etme ve dışlama kriterlerine uygun olarak 1 tez ve 19 makale olmak üzere toplam 20 çalışma (4 ilişkisel, 11 karşılaştırma, 2 vaka sunumu ve 3 nitel çalışma) incelemeye alınmıştır. Toplamda 6144 BKB tanılı bireye ulaşan araştırmaların bulguları, BKB ile yalnızlık düzeyi arasında istatistiksel ve niteliksel açıdan güçlü ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Karşılaştırma çalışmalarında BKB grubundaki bireylerin, sağlıklı kontrol gruplarına ve diğer psikopatoloji gruplarına kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha yüksek yalnızlık puanlarına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Yalnızlık, BKB’nin hem etiyolojisinde hem de klinik tablosunda merkezi bir role sahiptir. Erken dönemdeki tutarsız anne-çocuk ilişkileri, ihmal ve travmalar nesne sürekliliğinin gelişimini olumsuz etkileyerek kronik boşluk hissi ve yoğun terk edilme korkusu yaratmaktadır. BKB'li bireylerin sergilediği dengesiz ilişki kalıpları sosyal izolasyonu derinleştirmekte; bireyler bu dayanılmaz yalnızlık hissiyle baş edebilmek adına acil servis başvuruları veya kendine zarar verme gibi riskli davranışlara yönelebilmektedir. Sonuç olarak yalnızlık, BKB’nin ortaya çıkmasında ve devam etmesinde kritik bir faktör olup tedavi süreçlerinde kişilerarası ilişkilere ve sosyal destek mekanizmalarına odaklanılması gerekmektedir.
This study presents a systematic review of research examining the relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and loneliness. Following retrospective searches in electronic databases, a total of 20 studies (1 thesis and 19 articles; comprising 4 correlational, 11 comparative, 2 case reports, and 3 qualitative studies) meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. The findings from these studies, which covered 6,144 individuals diagnosed with BPD, confirm a strong and positive relationship between BPD and loneliness levels from both statistical and qualitative perspectives. Comparative studies revealed that individuals in the BPD group had significantly higher loneliness scores compared to healthy control groups and other psychopathology groups. Loneliness plays a central role in both the etiology and clinical presentation of BPD. Inconsistent early mother-child relationships, neglect, and trauma adversely affect the development of object constancy, creating a chronic sense of emptiness and an intense fear of abandonment. The unstable relationship patterns exhibited by individuals with BPD deepen social isolation, leading them to engage in risky behaviors such as emergency department visits or self-harm to cope with this unbearable feeling of loneliness. In conclusion, loneliness is a critical factor in both the onset and maintenance of BPD, necessitating a focus on interpersonal relationships and social support mechanisms in treatment processes.
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